Sompur Mahavihara
Paharpur Buddha Bihar (Sompur Bihar): A Glorious Place of Interest in Badalgachhi Upazila, Naogaon District
The most significant historical and cultural landmark in Badalgachhi Upazila, Naogaon District, is Sompur Bihar, also known as Paharpur Buddhist Monastery. Located in Paharpur village under the current Paharpur Union Parishad, the monastery's ancient name is Sompur. The modern name, Paharpur, is widely recognized today.
Historical Significance: The Buddhist Pala dynasty, which began in the 7th century (770-810 AD), was one of the most influential empires in the region. During the reigns of Dharmapala (the second Pala king) and his son Devpala, the empire extended across Bengal, Bihar, and Kannauj. It was under their patronage that the grand Paharpur monastery and temple were built, marking a period of great excellence in Buddhism. Despite centuries of deterioration due to historical and geographical factors, the monastery still stands proudly as the largest Buddhist monastery in Asia and one of the oldest and most culturally significant heritages in the world.
Architecture and Layout: The Paharpur Buddhist monastery originally featured 16 rooms for Buddhist monks and covered a vast area of 70.31 acres. The ruins were excavated by the Bangladesh Archaeological Department in 1934, revealing numerous structures, including living rooms, stupas, small temples, ponds, and wide entrances. At the center of the monastery lies the main temple. The monastery is 358 feet long from north to south and 314 feet wide from east to west.
In addition to the historical ruins, the Archaeological Department has constructed a museum, rest houses, and administrative buildings to help preserve and display the site's grandeur. The monastery also houses 63 stone idols, many of which depict animals, providing insight into the artistry and culture of the period.
UNESCO World Heritage Site: Due to its large size, historical significance, and architectural wonder, Paharpur Buddhist Monastery has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, adding to its global prestige. The site is often compared to the ancient Nalanda University, earning it the distinction of being a "mini version" of the renowned institution.
Tourism: Every year, Paharpur attracts thousands of local and international visitors, fascinated by its rich history, architecture, and spiritual importance. Tourists can explore the vast ruins, discover ancient artifacts, and admire the intricate stone carvings that adorn the monastery.
How to Get There: Paharpur can be easily reached by bus from the Naogaon Baludanga Bus Terminal, located approximately 32 kilometers away. The bus fare is typically between 30-40 Taka, making it a convenient and affordable destination for travelers.
